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Phytotoxicology Soil Investigation:
INCO – Port Colborne (1999)
July 2000
Ministry of the Environment
Phytotoxicology Investigator/Author: Allen Kuja
Contributing Scientists:
Randall Jones
William McIlveen
Phytotoxicology and Soils Standards Section, Standards Development Branch
Ontario Ministry of the Environment
July 2000
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Report No. SDB-031-3511-2000
PIBS 4010e
1.0 Executive Summary
The objective of this investigation was to undertake additional sampling of soil in the two areas of impact for which contour mapping based on 1998 survey results may 1) overestimate the 100-200 ug/g Ni contamination zone, west of INCO, or 2) underestimate the 200-500 ug/g Ni contamination zone, northeast of INCO. In addition, the extent of the area for which soil Ni concentrations exceeded the soil background concentration (43 ug/g) was only approximated by the computer-generated contour map because soil nickel background concentrations continued to remain well over 43 ug/g at the furthest sample site from Port Colborne, located 13 km northeast of INCO.
Computer contour maps were derived using Surfer/Arview based on sample data provided from both 1999 and 1998 survey sites, and historical survey results with the purpose of filling in data gaps in the 1998 survey results. Inclusion of the additional data resulted in changes to the shape and size of the 43-100 ug/g soil Ni, 100-200 ug/g soil Ni and 200-500 ug/g soil Ni contour intervals, respectively. The MOE Table F soil background value for Ni is exceeded beyond a distance of 28 km northeast of INCO and over a area of 345 km². The Cu and Co Table F soil values are exceeded in surface soil beyond a 3 km distance in the same direction, and over areas of 7.9 and 7.2 km², respectively. Soil Ni concentrations are shown to exceed the MOE Table A soil remediation criterion for up to 3 km northeast of INCO and is estimated to cover an area of almost 29 km². Table A Cu and Co criteria are exceeded over areas of 0.2 and 0.8 km², respectively. As previously mentioned, soil concentrations of Ni, Cu and Co which exceed their corresponding Table A criterion are potentially phytotoxic. The substantial increase in sample sites (a total of 200 sites) has provided a more precise estimate of the area in and around the city of Port Colborne that has been impacted by over sixty-six years of INCO emissions and atmospheric deposition.
The soil metal contamination in Port Colborne is not a threat to human health but can be potentially phytotoxic with Ni being the most toxic. Agricultural liming and fertilizer amendments should allow for remediation of the areas above the Table A 'effects-based' criteria with marginal disturbance to the impacted properties. The amount of lime and application rate will depend on the contaminant concentration, the soil physical and chemical characteristics of the soils to be remediated. At sites where the soil Ni, Cu and Co contamination only marginally exceeds Table A criteria, and the contamination is concentrated in the surface soil, deep cultivation may lower metal concentrations in the rooting zone of plants sufficiently that soil is no longer potentially phytotoxic.
2.0 Table of Contents
- 2.0 Table of Contents
- 3.0 List of Tables
- 4.0 List of Appendices
- 5.0 List of Maps
- 6.0 Introduction
- 7.0 Objectives of 1999 Soil Investigation
- 8.0 Methodology
- 9.0 Results
- 10.0 Discussion
- 11.0 Conclusions
- 12.0 References
3.0 List of Tables
- Table 1: Station Identification, Location, Description of Samples – 1999 INCO Port Colborne Soil Survey (soil depth 0-5 cm).
- Table 2: Additional Historical Stations Used in Preparation of Ni, Cu, Co Contour Maps for the INCO Pt.Colborne Soil Survey (soil depth 0-5 cm).
- Table 3: Concentrations of Nickel, Copper and Cobalt in soil (0-5 cm) collected in November 1999 - INCO Pt.Colborne Soil Survey (ug/g).
- Table 4: Estimate of Areas that Exceed the MOE Table F and Table A Soil Criteria as determined by Surfer/ArcView (1999 vs. 1998 data).
4.0 List of Appendices
- A1: Concentration of Aluminum (Al) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A2: Concentration of Arsenic (As) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A3: Concentration of Barium (Ba) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A4: Concentration of Berylium (Be) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A5: Concentration of Calcium (Ca) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A6: Concentration of Cadmium (Cd) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A7: Concentration of Chromium (Cr) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A8: Concentration of Iron (Fe) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A9: Concentration of Magnesium (Mg) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A10: Concentration of Manganese (Mn) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A11: Concentration of Molybdenum (Mo) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A12: Concentration of Lead (Pb) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A13: Concentration of Strontium (Sr) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A14: Concentration of Vanadium (V) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- A15: Concentration of Zinc (Zn) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November 1999). (ug/g)
- B: Derivation of MOE Phytotoxicology Ontario Typical Range Values.
- C: Derivation of MOE Guideline for Use at Contaminated Sites in Ontario.
- D: Methodology for Producing Surfer/Arcview Soil Contamination Maps.
- E: List of MOE Phytotoxicology Investigations conducted in the Vicnity of INCO, Port Colbornbe (excluding investigations on private property conducted at the owners request).
5.0 List of Maps
- Map 1: Regional Soil Sampling Locations – Surface Soil (0-5 cm) –-1999; Surface Soil (0-5 cm) – 1998; Surface Soil (0-5 cm) Historical Surveys (0-5 cm); Soil Profiles (0-5, 5-10, 10-15 cm), 1998.
- Map 2: City Sampling Locations (Port Colborne) – Surface Soil (0-5 cm), 1999; Surface Soil (0-5cm), 1998; Surface Soil (0-5 cm), Historical Surveys; Soil Profile (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm), 1998.
- Map 3: City Sampling Locations (Welland) – Surface Soil (0-5 cm), 1999; Surface Soil (0-5 cm), Historical Surveys.
- Map 4: Nickel in Surface (0-5 cm) Soil – Port Colborne 1998-1999.
- Map 5: Copper in Surface (0-5 cm) Soil – Port Colborne 1998- 1999.
- Map 6: Cobalt in Surface (0-5 cm) Soil – Port Colborne 1998- 1999.
- Map 7: Nickel Table A and F – Port Colborne 1998 - 1999.
- Map 8: Copper in Surface (0-5 cm) Soil – Port Colborne 1998-1999.
- Map 9: Cobalt Table A and F – Port Colborne 1998-1999.
6.0 Introduction
Results of a 1998 Phytotoxicology investigation confirmed that soil to a depth of at least 15 cm in Port Colborne area is severely contaminated with nickel, and to a lesser extent with copper and cobalt [Ref. 1]. Soil nickel background concentrations (43 ug/g) are exceeded beyond 13 km northeast of INCO and extend over an area greater than 159 km², and more than 4 km in the same direction for copper 85 ug/g, 8.9 km² and cobalt (21 ug/g, 6.1 km²). Soil nickel concentrations exceed the effects-based MOE soil remediation criterion (200 ug/g) up to 8 km northeast of the refinery, and extend over an a 19 km² area. The soil remediation criteria for copper (300 ug/g) and cobalt (50 ug/g) are exceeded over a 0.3 km² and 1.6 km² area, respectively.
Soil nickel concentrations exceeding the MOE generic soil criterion are potentially phytotoxic; for example, a reduction in crop yield and/or foliar injury on sensitive species of vegetation. A health study conducted by the MOE (Technical Report: Assessment of Potential Health Risks of Reported Soil Levels of Nickel, Copper, and Cobalt in Port Colborne and Vicinity, May 1997) and based on a multi-media assessment of potential risks concluded that no adverse health effects are anticipated to result from exposure to soil metal contamination in the Port Colborne area.
Despite an intensive sample strategy, the complete area impacted was not determined in the 1998 soil investigation. Soil nickel concentrations collected from the farthest downwind sites (>13 km) were still approximately twice expected soil background values. The computer-generated contour maps produced for the 1998 soil investigation report were statistical approximations of the spatial distribution of the different contaminants. Soil concentrations are only known with certainty at those sites for which soil was actually sampled and chemically analyzed.
Contour intervals produced by the computer program are significantly affected by the spatial distribution of the sampling sites, the accuracy of the position information of the sampling sites, and the program options used to generate the contours. The accuracy of the contours diminishes at the edges of the maps and in large areas where there are no or very few sample sites. Also, local site disturbances and data variability may have skewed the computer-generated contaminant contours resulting in an overestimation of the area to the northwest of Port Colborne with soil nickel concentrations in the 100-200 ug/g range, and an underestimation of the 200-500 ug/g nickel contamination zone lying to the northeast of INCO. Based on the 1998 investigation findings, and the contour maps that resulted from the input data, it was decided that additional sampling was warranted to identify and delineate the extent of soil Ni, Cu and Co contamination in the city of Port Colborne and the surrounding municipalities.
7.0 Objectives of 1999 Soil Investigation
The objective of this investigation was to undertake additional sampling of soil in the two areas of impact for which contour mapping based on 1998 survey results may 1) overestimate the 100-200 ug/g Ni contamination zone, northwest of INCO, or 2) underestimate the 200-500 ug/g Ni contamination zone, northeast of INCO. In addition, the extent of the area for which soil Ni concentrations exceeded the soil background concentration (43 ug/g) was only approximated by the computer-generated contour map because soil nickel background concentrations continued to remain well over 43 ug/g at the furthest sample site from Port Colborne, located 13 km northeast of INCO.
Further sampling of the surface soil (0-5 cm depth) was to be conducted at addition sites located withing the two areas of impact, as well at greater distances to the north, east and northeast of the city of Port Colborne (as far away as 18.8 km from INCO) for the purpose of filling in gaps in the 1998 data in order to generate contour maps which better define and delineate the extent of soil nickel, copper and cobalt levels in the city of Port Colborne and the surrounding region. In addition, the decision was made to include additional soil data collected from historical Phytotoxicology surveys (going back to 1990) to better define the total area for which soil nickel background concentrations (43 ug/g) have been exceeded.
8.0 Methodology
8.1 Soil Survey
Ecological Standards and Toxicology Section staff conducted this soil investigation on November 2 and 3, 1999. A total of 64 new surface soil (0-5 cm depth) sites were established in the city of Port Colborne and the surrounding region to more accurately delineate the spatial extent of soil nickel, copper and cobalt contamination estimated from soil data obtained from the 1998 soil survey (refer to Table 1). Details of sample sites (description, and location relative to local roads and landscape features, as well as UTM co-ordinates are summarized in Table 1. These geo-referenced co-ordinates were obtained with a Garmin 12XL satellite global positioning unit. As in the 1998 survey, selected sites included, street boulevards, residential lawns, parks, right-of-ways, commercial lawns and wood lots.
The locations of 1999 sample sites which established within the city of Port Colborne, as well as the surrounding region, are shown as open circles in Map 1. Map 1 also provides the location of 1998 surface soil sites (solid circles), 1998 soil profile sites (squares) and historical survey sites (black pentagons) going back to 1990. The more intensive network of 1999 sample sites established in and around the city of Port Colborne are shown in Map 2. Again, Map 2 also shows the location of 1998 survey sites from which data was used in developing contour maps of soil nickel, copper and cobalt concentrations in the previous Phytotoxicology survey report.
All soil samples were collected in duplicate using standard MOE field protocols [Ref. 2]. This involves using a soil coring device which cuts a cylindrical core, two centimeters in diameter, to the depth to which the corer is inserted. Each sample consists of approximately 30 cores taken throughout the designated sampling area. Soil cores were placed directly into a labelled polyethylene bag.
8.2 Use of Historical Survey Data
Surface soil data were utilized from 48 historical survey sites, dating back no further than 1990 and located in and around the municipalities of Welland, Niagara Falls and Fort Erie, for the purpose of providing additional information for developing more accurate contour maps of soil nickel, copper and cobalt concentrations in and around the city of Port Colborne. These historical sites includ Ontario Typical Range (OTR) sites, as well as industrial and residential survey sites. Information on the chosen historical survey sites, and corresponding soil concentrations of nickel, copper and cobalt associated with these sites, are shown in Table 2. The positions of historical survey sites located to the east and northeast of the city of Port The positions of historical survey sites located to the east and northeast of the city of Port selected from within the city of Welland, the location of these sampling sites are also shown in Map 3 for greater clarity.
8.3 Sample Preparation and Analysis
Soil samples were processed at the Ecological Standards and Toxicology processing Soil samples were processed at the Ecological Standards and Toxicology processing glass jars) using standard MOE protocols [Ref. 3]. Samples were then forwarded to the MOE Laboratory Services Branch for analysis of trace metals on a dry weight basis by inductively-coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for total aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) strontium (Sr), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn). Arsenic (As) was analyzed using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A select number of soil samples, collected during the 1998 soil investigation, were re-analyzed along with the 1999 survey samples to verify data comparability and compatability.
8.4 Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation
Soil analytical results for each of the 18 inorganic elements were compared with Ontario soil background concentrations for non-agricultural soils (Table F Guidelines). These values represent the expected distribution of chemical concentrations resulting from natural geological processes and normal human activity remote from the influence of known point sources of emissions. For those inorganic elements for which there is no Table F Guideline (i.e. Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Sr), MOE 'Ontario Typical Range' (OTR) guidelines were utilized for comparative purposes. The OTRs are a province-wide background-based set of guidelines derived for a large number of inorganic elements and organic compounds (see Appendix B). Table F Guidelines are based on the OTRs. In addition, the analytical results were also compared with the effects-based Table A Guidelines for residential/parkland land uses.
For this soil investigation, Table A criteria for medium/fine textured soils were utilized as they are more appropriate for the fine textured soils encountered during the survey than the generic criteria for coarse textured soils. Table A criteria apply to potable groundwater situations (i.e. drinking water is obtained from a groundwater aquifer), which apply to most of the area of Port Colborne outside of the city core. Some areas in the investigation may be served by a municipal drinking water supply that does not rely on local groundwater. Table B Guideline criteria would apply to such sites but only if present or future groundwater (or surface water) sources of drinking water will not be adversely affected, including water for agricultural uses. For inorganic elements, the MOE Tables A and B Guideline criteria are identical. Therefore, Table A criteria will be referenced throughout this report for all sites regardless of the groundwater situation at a particular site.
8.5 Contour Maps
Contaminant contour maps were produced from the surface soil chemistry data (0-5 cm depth) for Ni, Cu, and Co, based on all of the 1999, 1998 and historical survey sites (a total of 200 sites). Two software packages were used to generate the maps. The data analysis and creation of the concentration contours was done using SURFER (Version 6.03 for Windows 95, by Golden Software Inc.). The output from SURFER was then imported into ARCVIEW GIS (Version 3.1, by Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc.) and combined with base maps, roads and water bodies to produce the final maps. Details concerning the process used to generate Maps 1-9 are provided in Appendix D.
These maps are statistical approximations of the spatial distribution of the different contaminants. Soil concentrations are only known with certainty at those sites for which soil was actually sampled and chemically analyzed. The contours produced by the program are significantly affected by the spatial distribution of the sampling sites, the accuracy of the position information of the sampling sites, and the program options used to generate the contours. The accuracy of the contours diminishes at the edges of the map and in large areas where there are no or very few sample sites. Therefore these maps should only be used as an interpretive tool to provide information on approximate areas and/or patterns of contamination and cannot be used to infer contaminant concentrations at locations not directly sampled.
9.0 Results
9.1 Analytical Data
The results for chemical analysis of 18 inorganic elements in soil collected from the November 1999 survey sites in the Port Colborne area are summarized in Table 2 (Ni, Cu, Co) and Appendices A1-A15 (Al, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sr, V, Zn. All data are the average of duplicate soil samples (0-5 cm depth) in ug/g air-dry weight. In Table 2, and in each Appendix, values shown in bold face exceed the corresponding non-agricultural Table F soil background Guideline. For those inorganic elements for which Table F criteria have not been established (e.g. Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Sr), the rural Ontario Typical Range (OTR) value was used as an indicator of expected soil background concentration. Data in shaded cells exceed the effects-based Table A generic soil Guideline for medium/fine textured soils.
9.1.1 Soil Nickel, Copper and Cobalt
The soil Ni, Cu and Co data are summarized in Table 2. Nickel concentrations in surface soil (0-5cm) exceed the Table F Guideline for non-agricultural land use (43 ug/g), at all but five of the 64 survey sites sampled in November 1999; 23 of these sites exceeded the Table A Guideline for Ni (200 ug/g). The furthest site from the source, with Ni exceeding the Table A criterion, was located 8.3 km northeast of INCO. Copper concentrations in surface soil exceeded the Table F Guideline for non-agricultural land use (85 ug/g) at four of the 64 survey sites; surface soil concentrations of cobalt exceed the Table F Guideline for non-agricultural land use (50 ug/g) at three sites of these four sites. The sites with elevated soil Cu and Co were also the sites with the highest soil Ni concentrations (i.e. sites 183, 184, 200, and 230).
9.1.2 Other Inorganic Elements
The soil Al, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sr, V and Zn data are summarized in Appendices A1 through A15, respectively. .The analytical results show that for each sampling site, the soil concentrations for As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Mn and Pb were all within the range expected for soil background (i.e. Table F or OTR98 values were not exceeded). Soil Be concentrations were slightly elevated above the Table F soil background concentration at two wood lot sites (refer to Appendix A4). It has been shown that certain shale deposits can contain elevated levels of Be [Ref 4]. The soils at these two sites are very likely associated with natural shale formations.
For some of the inorganic parameters, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mo and Zn, soil concentrations exceeded background-based Table F or OTR values at a some sites (refer to Appendices A5, A8, A9, A10, and A14, respectively); MOE Table A effects–based criteria for these chemical parameters were not exceeded at any of the 1999 survey sites. Based on the random distribution of the various exceedances for Ca, Fe, Mg, Mo and Zn, and knowledge of the refinery process of INCO, there is little reason to suspect these elevated soil concentrations to be related to emissions from the INCO smelter.
Soil Sr (Appendix A13) concentrations exceeded the background-based OTR guideline a28 sites across the sampling area. However, there is no consistent spatial relationship betweent soil Sr concentrations and proximity to INCO and it is very unlikely that Sr is associated with emissions from the smelter. The unusually high frequency of OTR exceedances for Sr suggestthat soil Sr concentrations in the Port Colborne area are naturally higher than the normal ranges for background in soil in the rest of the province.
10.0 Discussion
Like the 1998 survey results [Ref.1], the analytical results from the 64 new sites sampled in November 1999, show considerable variability in soil Ni concentrations vs. distance from the refinery. Soil Ni concentrations at some sites are relatively low compared to other sites located at similar or greater distances from INCO (refer to Table 3). This trend is also evident for both Cu and Co. This can be explained by the fact that this investigation extends across a large urban and rural area that has been impacted by INCO refinery emissions over a long period, followed by 16 years during which time the stack has not operated and any impacts would be attributed to marginal fugitive emissions only.
Sample sites were chosen that appeared to the investigators to be undisturbed or were selected based on information provided by property owners confirming the undisturbed status of the site. However, site disturbance is often not evident, or property owners may not have knowledge of changes to the property that occurred before their tenure. Landscaping activities such as the addition of topsoil or sod, places clean soil overtop of metal contaminated soil. As the sampling procedure at each of the 1999 survey sites consisted of only surface soil sampling (0 to 5 cm depth), the resultant sample would contain low metal concentrations, and therefore, the contamination at these sites is underestimated.
In the 1998 survey report, background soil Ni concentrations were not achieved in a northeast direction, the direction of the prevailing winds, even at a distance of 13 km. The 1998 survey sites farthest downwind from INCO (Sites 68, 69 and 87) had surface soil Ni concentrations that exceeded the Table F value for soil Ni (43 ug/g). The sampling strategy in the 1998 survey was not adequate to determine the total extent of soil Ni contamination in the region to the northeast of Port Colborne; i.e. the northeast contour boundary for soil Ni (43-100 ug/g) was an estimate generated by the computer mapping program. However, the area that exceeds the Table F soil background concentration for Ni, may extend much further in the directions of the municipalities of Niagara Falls and Fort Erie.
Likewise, in the 1998 soil investigation it became apparent that soil Ni concentrations likely exceeded the Table A criterion over a larger area than was represented by the 200-500 ug/g contour. The 200-500 ug/g contour interval is significant because it corresponds to the effectsbased Table A Guideline soil Ni criterion (200 ug/g). The report concluded that additional sampling was warranted between Sites 12 and 50, and Sites 62 and 63, to more accurately define the extent of the area in which soil Ni might exceed the Table A criterion.
Contaminant contour maps were produced from the surface soil chemistry data (0 to 5cm depth) for Ni, Cu and Co, using Surfer/ArcView (Maps 4,5 and 6). These maps were based on the combined data from 1999 and 1998 survey sites, and the additional historical survey sites located in and around the cities of Welland, Niagara Falls and Fort Erie (for a total of 200 sites). With a greater number of sites, the computer was able to better define the true extent of the Ni, Cu and Co contamination that have resulted from over sixty years of INCO stack emissions. Note: For comparison purposes, Map 4 also provides an outline of the 1998 contours for the Table F and Table A soil Ni guideline criteria (dotted lines), which were based on the 1998 sampling data alone.
The addition of data from both the 1999 survey sites and historical survey sites changed the shape and size of all contour intervals for soil Ni, Cu and Co that were based on the more limited 1998 sampling data (refer to Maps, 4,5 and 6). Changes to the Cu and Co contour intervals were minor, because the deposition of the these metals was confined to a much smaller area that was adequately represented by 1998 survey site data. In contrast, soil Ni contour intervals were modified significantly in the regions both to the west and northeast of Port Colborne. To the west of INCO the 100- 200 ug/g soil Ni contour interval is reduced significantly in area compared to that generated from the 1998 survey data. To the northeast of INCO, both the 43-100 ug/g and 200-500 ug/g Ni contour intervals changed markedly in shape and size compared to the contour intervals that were based on the more limited 198 sampling data only (represented in Map 4 by dotted and dashed lines, respectively).
At present, soil Ni concentrations are shown to exceed the Ontario soil background concentration (Table F value of 43 ug/g) as far west as Wainfleet marsh. In a northerly direction, soil Ni concentrations exceed the Table F criterion as far north as Biggar Rd. (Hwy 47). In an northeasterly direction, the Table F value is exceeded beyond the Queen Elizabeth Way (just south of Niagara Falls), and to the east as far as the Niagara River near the towns of Black Creek and Douglastown, including the north end of the city of Ft. Erie. It is apparent that the estimated area that has been impacted (i.e. surface soil Ni concentrations exceed the soil background criterion of 43 ug/g) is significantly greater than was originally estimated from data compiled during the 1998 soil investigation.
With the inclusion of the data from the additional 1999 sampling sites, the 200-500 ug/g soil Ni contour interval determined by Surfer/ArcView was modified from that based on the 1998 data only. At present, soil Ni concentrations that exceed the Table A soil Ni criterion (200 ug/g) do not extend as far to the west as was previously predicted from the 1998 survey results.
Also, the apparent gap in the 200-500 ug/g contour interval which was located to the east of the city of Port Colborne (i.e. between Sites 12 and 50, and the island contour around Sites 62 and 63) is now included within the 200-500 ug/g contour interval based on 1999 and 1998 data combined. Soil Ni concentrations now appear to exceed the Table A criterion as far east as Whites Rd. and extends to the northeast as far as the intersection of Chippawa Rd. and Carl Rd., a distance of over 5 km from the INCO site.
Two new contour islands have appeared for the 200-500 ug/g contour interval, both to the north and northeast of the city of Port Colborne. Again, as was the case in the 1998 survey, additional sampling could be conducted at sites that lie between these contour islands and the sites on which the main 200-500 ug/g contour interval was generated by the computer mapping program to better define whether or not these contour islands should be contained within one 200-500 ug/g contour interval around the INCO stack. It should also be noted that the generation of a 100-200 ug/g soil Ni contour island in the east end of the city of Welland may in fact be the result of a local source of Ni emissions, unrelated to INCO in Port Colborne (refer to Map 4).
10.1 Total Areas Estimated to Exceed Table F/Table A Guidelines for Ni, Cu, and Co.
Three additional maps were produced for Ni, Cu and Co to display the two contour polygons that correspond to a) the Ontario soil background (Table F) value, and b) the MOE generic soil remediation (Table A) criterion based on the 1999, 1998 and historical survey data (refer to Maps, 7, 8 and 9). These polygons are statistcal l approximations only; soil concentrations are known with certainty only at those sites for which soil was actually sampled.
The surface areas represented by the Table A and F polygons for Ni, Cu, and Co were calculated using a feature in ArcView. These calculated areas were converted to square kilometers. The calculated areas are provided in the legends of each of Maps 7, 8 and 9. In each map, the area designated as exceeding Table F only includes the polygon where the Table F value is exceeded but does not include the area of the polygon that corresponds to the Table A guideline criterion. The total area exceeding Table F is obtained by summing the two areas guideline criterion. The total area exceeding Table F is obtained by summing the two areas calculated for the Table A polygon and the Table F polygon.
In Map 7, the polygon in mustard yellow (dark shade) represents the total area in which soil Ni concentrations in surface soil (0-5cm) has been estimated to exceed the Table A soil remediation using the Surfer/ArcView contour mapping program and the data from 1999, 1998 and historical surveys. Map 7 also shows the 1998 contour (dotted line) for the Table A soil Ni guideline based on 1998 sampling data only. The area of impact is approximately 3 km long going in an northeasterly direction from the INCO site to the Chippawa Rd./Carl Rd. intersection and as far east as Whites Rd. The impacted area is estimated to exceed the Table A soil Ni criterion is approximately 29 km².
The total area that exceeds the soil Ni Table F soil background criterion goes beyond the scale of Map 7. It is estimated to be 345 km² in area (based on addition of the Table A and F polygons) and, as previously stated, extends north into Welland, northeast to the Niagara River, as far as Grand Island N.Y., and east into the north end of Ft. Erie.
In Map 8, the polygons in dark green represent the total area in which surface soil Cu is estimated to exceed the Table A soil remediation criterion for Cu (300 ug/g). The three polygons represent less area (0.2 km² than was estimated using 1998 survey data only (0.3 km²). One polygon is centered on the intersection of Davis St. a second is located north of Killaly St., east of Elizabeth St. and a third is further east and centred on Killaly St. between Snider Rd. and Lorraine Rd. The area estimated to exceed the Table F soil background value for Cu (85 ug/g) is 7.9 km² and is represented in pale green (light shade). The polygon extends from the Welland canal in the west, northward to Main St. East and past Lorraine Rd. to the east.
Map 9 illustrates the total areas estimated to exceed the Table A (50 ug/g) and Table F (21 ug/g) soil criteria for Co. The three polygons (in bright yellow) represent the area estimated to exceed the Table A soil Co criterion (0.8 km²). Although larger in size, each Co polygon coincides with the polygons representing soil Cu concentrations that exceed the Table A Cu criterion. The four Co polygons represent an area (0.8 km²) which is approximately half of the area estimated from 1998 survey data only (1.6 km²).
The computer estimates of the areas that exceed MOE Table F and Table A soil criteria for Ni, Cu and Co are summarized in Table 4. These area estimates are derived using data from 1999, 1998 survey sites, as well as selected historical survey sites. For comparison purposes, the area estimates which were based on 1998 survey results are included.
10.2 Phytotoxicity
The MOE Table A Criteria for Ni, Cu and Co is based on phytotoxicity, as these metals are each potentially toxic to vegetation at soil concentrations much lower than those that can cause health effect, with Ni being the most toxic of the three. The mechanism for Ni phytotoxicity is not known precisely, but excessive Ni is believed to induce Fe deficiency in plants. The MOE soil nickel Table A Guideline was set at 200 ug/g for medium/fine textured soil as are found in the Port Colborne region. This criterion is based on lowest observable effects levels. Soil Ni concentrations in excess of 200 ug/g have the potential to cause injury to sensitive plant species (i.e. either in the form of reduced growth, reduced yield or foliar injury). Cereal grains such as oats, barley and ryegrass are amongst the most sensitive plants and garden crop s are more variable, ranging from madverse effects to vegetation is dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of the soiloderately sensitive to moderately tolerant. The potential for soil contaminated with Ni, as well as Cu and Co, to cause and form of metal present in the soil. The areas in and around Port Colborne, which have been determined to have soil Ni concentrations above the Table A soil Ni criterion contain clay soils with neutral soil pH. Generally Ni (as well as Cu and Co) is more available for plant uptake in more acidic soil (lower pH), sandy in nature and having a lower cation exchange capacity and little organic content. The Ni in the impacted soils is not likely to be very bioavailable becauseof the soil characteristics in the region. Also, soil Ni readily complexes with other elements in the soil, such as sulphur (S), iron (Fe), manganese Mn), and calcium (Ca) that will further reduce Ni availability for plant uptake.
10.3 Human Health Risks
The 1999 Phytotoxicology study better defined the areas impacted by soil Ni, Cu and Coabove the Table A "effects-based" criteria. The MOE site-specific risk assessment [Ref. 5] that was done for the Port Colborne area considered all potential exposure pathways (e.g. ingestion of soil, water, garden produce; inhalation; and dermal contact with soil). The MOE risk assessment report concluded there are no adverse health effects anticipated from expose to the soil Ni, Cu and Co levels in the city of Port Colborne or the surrounding region. Also, a review of population health data did not indicate any adverse health effects were evident which may have resulted from environmental exposures to these metals in the soil.
11.0 Conclusions
Inclusion of the additional sampling data provided from the 1999 sampling stations and historical survey results, along with the 1998 survey data, produced modifications to the shape and size of the 43-100 ug/g soil Ni, 100-200 ug/g soil Ni and 200-500 ug/g soil Ni contour intervals, respectively in the computer generated maps for Port Colborne and the surrounding region. The MOE Table F soil background value for Ni is exceeded bpreviously mentioned, soil concentrations of Ni, Cu and Co which exceed their correspondingeyond a distance of 28 km northeast of INCO and over a area of 345 km². The Cu and Co Table F soil values are exceeded in surface soil beyond a 3 km distance in the same direction, and over areas of 7.9 and 7.2 km² , respectively. Soil Ni concentrations are shown to exceed the MOE Table A soil remediation criterion for up to 3 km northeast of INCO and is estimated to cover an area of almost 29 km² Table A Cu and Co criteria are exceeded over areas of 0.2 and 0.8 km², respectively. As previously mentioned, soil concentrations of Ni, Cu and Co which exc200 sites) has provided a more precise estimate of the area in and around the city of Porteed their corresponding Table A criterion are potentially phytotoxic. The substantial increase in sample sites (a total of Colborne that has been impacted by over sixty-six years of INCO emissions and atmospheric deposition.
The soil metal contamination in Port Colborne is not a threat to human health but can be potentially phytotoxic with Ni being the most toxic. Agricultural liming and fertilizer amendments should allow for remediation of the areas above the Table A 'effects-based' criteria with marginal disturbance to the impacted properties. The amount of lime and application rate will depend on the contaminant concentration, the soil physical and chemical characteristics of the soils to be remediated. At sites where the soil Ni, Cu and Co contamination only marginally exceeds Table A criteria, and the contamination is concentrated in the surface soil, deep cultivation may lower metal concentrations in the rooting zone of plants sufficiently that soil is no longer potentially phytotoxic.
12.0 References
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment. Sept 1999. Phytotoxicology Soil Investigation: INCO – Port Colborne (1998). Report No. SDB-031-3511-1999.
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment. 1993. Phytotoxicology Investigation Manual: Part 1. Methodology for Phytotoxicology Investigators. Report No. 015-3512-93.
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment. 1994. Procedures Manual for Vegetation and Soils Processing Laboratory. Phytotoxicology Section, Air Resources Branch, April 1994.
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment. 1997. Investigation into the Chemical Composition of Shales in Ontario 1997 Report No. SDB-023-3511-1998.
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment. 1997. Technical Report: Assessment of Potential Health Risks of Reported Soil Levels of Nickel, Copper, and Cobalt in Port Colborne and Vicinity, May 1997.
Table 1: Station Identification, Location, Description - 1999 INCO Pt. Colborne Soil Survey (Sample depth 0-5 cm)
| Station No. | UTM Easting | UTM Northing | Distance from Stack (km) | Direction (degrees) | Station Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | 640115 | 4748108 | 3,621 | 260 | Right-of-way on north side of Lakeshore Rd. W (west of Cement Rd.) |
| 171 | 640422 | 4748590 | 3,260 | 267 | Right-of-way on west side of Cement Rd. (500 m north of Lakeshore Rd) |
| 172 | 640784 | 4747668 | 3,091 | 249 | Vacant lot on south side of Orchard Dr. (west of Cedar Dr.) |
| 173 | 641168 | 4748461 | 2,527 | 263 | Residential property at bottom end of Hampton Rd (at turn) |
| 174 | 641368 | 4748814 | 2,311 | 271 | Front yard of residence at Sugarloaf and Laketown Dr. |
| 175 | 641818 | 4749022 | 1,879 | 278 | Side yard of residence on northeast corner of Ash and Clarke |
| 176 | 642307 | 4748844 | 1,374 | 274 | H.H. Knoll Lakeview Park (Steele and Sugarloaf) |
| 177 | 642860 | 4748740 | 818 | 269 | City of Pt. Colborne Operations and Communications Services Div. site |
| 178 | 640774 | 4749253 | 2,946 | 280 | Wooded lot at southeast corner of Clarence Rd. and Westwood Dr. |
| 179 | 641107 | 4749341 | 2,637 | 283 | Side yard of residence on southwest corner of Clarence and Hampton Rd. |
| 180 | 642063 | 4749368 | 1,727 | 291 | Front lawn of Pt. Colborne Public School |
| 181 | 642276 | 4749300 | 1,504 | 291 | Boulevard in front of residence on south side of Charlott St. west of Fieldon |
| 182 | 643322 | 4750037 | 1,331 | 344 | Lawn in front of transformer station on northwest corner Janet and Killaly. |
| 183 | 644182 | 4749948 | 1,295 | 23 | Boulevard of residence on north side of Cross St. east of Elizabeh St. |
| 184 | 644932 | 4749524 | 1,471 | 58 | Right of way on Snyder Rd. south of Killaly Rd. (near RR) |
| 185 | 647468 | 4747728 | 3,927 | 105 | East side of Miller Rd. allowance (north of Pine Crest Lane) |
| 186 | 647538 | 4745452 | 5,080 | 131 | Clay road 550 m North of Pinecrest Lane W. (south of Killaly St. E) |
| 187 | 643385 | 4750557 | 1,826 | 351 | Side yard of residence on northwest corner of Crescent and Clarke |
| 188 | 644125 | 4750550 | 1,850 | 14 | Woodlot on east side of Elizabeth St. (500 m south of Hwy 3) |
| 189 | 643669 | 4751026 | 2,271 | 360 | Front yard of residence on east side of Wellington St. opposite Chestnut |
| 190 | 644957 | 4751158 | 2,722 | 28 | Boulevard of residence on north side of Hwy 3 east of Snyder Rd. |
| 191 | 645776 | 4751210 | 3,229 | 41 | Front yard of residence on west side of Babion Rd., north of Hwy 3 |
| 192 | 646580 | 4751210 | 3,801 | 50 | Roadside of Carl Rd. approx. 300m North of Hwy 3 (at field entrance). |
| 193 | 647421 | 4751264 | 4,506 | 56 | Along fenceline, east side of Miller Rd., just south of Killaly Rd. |
| 194 | 648267 | 4750989 | 5,104 | 64 | East side of White Rd., 1.2 km south of 2nd Concession line. |
| 195 | 649099 | 4751030 | 5,879 | 67 | West side of right of way on Sherk Rd, 1.1 km S of 2 nd Concession Rd. |
| 196 | 655615 | 4748457 | 11,941 | 91 | West side of Pt. Albino Rd. at Mitchener Rd. (in front of cottonwoods) |
| 197 | 642980 | 4752181 | 3,496 | 348 | Boulevard of residence at end of Barrick Rd (just west of RR tracks) |
| 198 | 643524 | 4752092 | 3,341 | 357 | Right-of-way on east side of Barber Rd., south of the 2nd Concession Rd. |
| 199 | 644916 | 4752198 | 3,659 | 20 | Right-of-way on west side of Snyder Rd at intersection with 2ndConcession |
| 200 | 646592 | 4752138 | 4,465 | 41 | Woods on southwest corner of Carl Rd. and 2nd Concession Rd. |
| 201 | 647416 | 4752165 | 5,060 | 48 | SW corner of 2nd Concession and Miller Rd. (triangle between rd and field). |
| 202 | 641586 | 4753315 | 5,017 | 335 | Industrial park lawn at southwest corner of Stonebridge Rd. and Hwy 58 |
| 203 | 642329 | 4753133 | 4,581 | 343 | Front lawn of Pt. Colborne Animal Control Centre (Elm and Stoneridge Rd) |
| 204 | 642342 | 4754621 | 6,016 | 347 | Side yard of residence on east side of Elm St. (½ km south of Mud Lake) |
| 205 | 642866 | 4753686 | 4,997 | 351 | Right-of-way on Invertose Dr., 50 m west of turning circle (near CASCO) |
| 206 | 643306 | 4754390 | 5,647 | 356 | Park area along Kingway , east side of canal, south of the bridge. |
| 207 | 643612 | 4752682 | 3,928 | 359 | Right-of-way at end of Barber Rd. by canal north of the Can. Seaway Corp. |
| 208 | 644923 | 4752837 | 4,268 | 17 | Right of way on west side of Snyder Rd. north of Chippawa Rd. (clay road) |
| 209 | 645790 | 4753034 | 4,772 | 26 | Right of way on west side of Babion Rd., north of the 2nd Concession Rd. |
| 210 | 646575 | 4753128 | 5,246 | 34 | West side of Carl St., 1.1 km south of 3rd Concession Rd. |
| 210 | 646575 | 4753128 | 5,246 | 34 | West side of Carl St., 1.1 km south of 3rd Concession Rd. |
| 211 | 647393 | 4753457 | 5,992 | 38 | Right of way on east side of Miller Rd., 1.2 km N of 2nd concessioni |
| 212 | 648232 | 4753115 | 6,305 | 46 | West side of White Rd, 1.1 km south of 3rd Concession Rd. |
| 213 | 649927 | 4752940 | 7,521 | 56 | Open wooded area, east side of Brookfield Rd., 1.3 km S of 3rd Concession |
| 214 | 652373 | 4754345 | 10,337 | 57 | West side of Wilheim Rd, just south of 3rd Concession road allowance. |
| 215 | 650751 | 4754373 | 9,033 | 52 | NE corner of Concession 3 and Troup Rd. |
| 216 | 649884 | 4754323 | 8,338 | 48 | NE corner of Brookfield and 3rd Concession |
| 217 | 644929 | 4754808 | 6,181 | 12 | Backyard of residence at north end of Synder Rd. (north of Concession 3) |
| 218 | 643278 | 4755841 | 7,097 | 357 | Front yard of residence on NE corner of Crescent Dr. and Glenwood Pkwy. |
| 219 | 645764 | 4760375 | 11,806 | 10 | North side of Buchner Rd, 100m east of dead end (east of field entrance). |
| 220 | 648858 | 4760481 | 12,819 | 24 | South side of Buchner Rd., edge of woodlot east of Pearson Rd. |
| 221 | 652183 | 4760617 | 14,596 | 36 | West side of Meisener Rd., north edge of hardwood stand |
| 222 | 654268 | 4759864 | 15,348 | 44 | East end of Snyder Rd. (in a wooded area) |
| 223 | 656157 | 4758353 | 15,743 | 52 | Wooded area in ortheast corner of Lapp Rd and Netherby Rd. |
| 224 | 658435 | 4760490 | 18,854 | 52 | Open woods northeast corner of Morningstar Rd. and Sodom Rd. |
| 225 | 656565 | 4755253 | 14,433 | 63 | West side of House Rd., 3/4 way to next road south of Church St. |
| 226 | 658650 | 4754988 | 16,218 | 67 | Right-of-way on south side of Bowen Rd. just west of Hwy 116 |
| 227 | 656755 | 4752472 | 13,595 | 74 | Hedgerow on south side of unopened Bertie Rd. (30 m east of House Rd) |
| 228 | 648542 | 4750653 | 5,221 | 69 | Elm tree grove on north side of Nigh Rd (west of pumping station). |
| 229 | 645818 | 4750197 | 2,580 | 56 | Side yard of resideon northeast corner of Lorraine Rd. and Killaly Rd. |
| 230 | 647386 | 4749951 | 3,896 | 72 | East side of Miller Rd. approx. 100m south of Killaly Rd. |
| 231 | 649067 | 4750244 | 5,591 | 75 | Front lawn of Gasline School, SW corner of Hwy 3 and Sherk Rd. |
| 232 | 646656 | 4748004 | 3,071 | 104 | West side of small concrete bridge near south end of Weaver Rd. |
| 233 | 642353 | 4752787 | 4,244 | 342 | Right of way on west side of Elm St. south of Stonebridge Rd. |
Table 2: Additional Historical Stations used in preparation of Ni, Cu and Co Contour Maps (Sample depth 0-5 cm)
| Station No. | UTM Easting | UTM Northing | Distance from Stack (km) | Direction degrees) | Station Description | Soil Ni (ug/g) | Soil Cu (ug/g) | Soil Co (ug/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | 659956 | 4751715 | 16,545 | 80 | OTR | 48 | 25 | 6.1 |
| H2 | 656369 | 4770615 | 25,277 | 30 | OTR | 20 | 24 | 5.9 |
| H3 | 642559 | 4760975 | 12,271 | 355 | OTR | 30 | 33 | 9.8 |
| H4 | 643222 | 4778325 | 29,574 | 359 | OTR | 25 | 25 | 17 |
| H5 | 641919 | 4761964 | 13,326 | 352 | OTR | 34 | 17 | 7.7 |
| H6 | 644193 | 4761140 | 12,396 | 2 | OTR | 47 | 18 | 7.4 |
| H7 | 642519 | 4761104 | 12,403 | 355 | OTR | 47 | 27 | 9.9 |
| H8 | 641700 | 4758694 | 10,134 | 349 | OTR | 46 | 28 | 9.3 |
| H9 | 654570 | 4772612 | 26,226 | 25 | OTR | 16 | 18 | 4.8 |
| H10 | 654488 | 4772045 | 25,676 | 25 | OTR | 21 | 20 | 5.8 |
| H11 | 652254 | 4771419 | 24,232 | 21 | OTR | 15 | 27 | 5.3 |
| H12 | 653612 | 4770144 | 23,583 | 25 | OTR | 14 | 12 | 6.3 |
| H13 | 654088 | 4772045 | 25,511 | 24 | OTR | 10 | 13 | 3.3 |
| H14 | 652030 | 4772049 | 24,746 | 20 | OTR | 13 | 14 | 4.4 |
| H15 | 642931 | 4761251 | 12,518 | 357 | OTR | 53 | 58 | 8.6 |
| H16 | 642213 | 4762221 | 13,545 | 354 | OTR | 27 | 20 | 7.6 |
| H17 | 642133 | 4764375 | 15,696 | 354 | OTR | 16 | 10 | 3.7 |
| H18 | 641496 | 4763323 | 14,731 | 351 | OTR | 18 | 13 | 5.7 |
| H19 | 642759 | 4760508 | 11,789 | 356 | OTR | 29 | 39 | 5.4 |
| H20 | 642193 | 4764227 | 15,543 | 355 | OTR | 13 | 11 | 3.8 |
| H21 | 643860 | 4762695 | 13,941 | 1 | Atlas Steel | 97 | 15 | 25 |
| H22 | 643835 | 4762645 | 13,891 | 1 | Atlas Steel | 115 | 10 | 25 |
| H23 | 643810 | 4763350 | 14,596 | 1 | Altas Steel | 57 | 11 | 24 |
| H24 | 644330 | 4763760 | 15,019 | 2 | Atlas Steel | 48 | 16 | 21 |
| H25 | 644345 | 4762650 | 13,911 | 3 | Atlas Steel | 225 | 9 | 48 |
| H26 | 643960 | 4761910 | 13,158 | 1 | Atlas Steel | 135 | 11 | 33 |
| H27 | 643071 | 4763090 | 14,348 | 358 | Atlas Steel | 38 | 7 | 19 |
| H28 | 644130 | 4759740 | 10,994 | 2 | Atlas Steel | 42 | 10 | 21 |
| H29 | 650517 | 4767815 | 20,250 | 20 | Cyanamid | 23 | 5 | 22 |
| H30 | 651717 | 4769115 | 21,890 | 22 | Cyanamid | 25 | 20 | 5 |
| H31 | 649017 | 4767115 | 19,121 | 16 | Cyanamid | 24 | 13 | 8 |
| H32 | 648017 | 4765715 | 17,506 | 14 | Cyanamid | 39 | 22 | 8.5 |
| H33 | 658280 | 4763980 | 21,095 | 44 | Metcorp | 36 | 27 | 9.1 |
| H34 | 643519 | 4749200 | 473 | 340 | K. Dube property | 4100 | 290 | 95 |
| H35 | 643489 | 4749200 | 483 | 337 | K. Dube property | 8000 | 500 | 130 |
| H36 | 645534 | 4750439 | 2,506 | 48 | R. Kramer property | 7500 | 860 | 120 |
| H37 | 645569 | 4750439 | 2,532 | 48 | R. Kramer property | 1100 | 27 | 130 |
| H38 | 645570 | 4750472 | 2,555 | 48 | R. Kramer property | 2000 | 220 | 41 |
| H39 | 645989 | 4750395 | 2,834 | 55 | T. Kramer property | 450 | 61 | 18 |
| H40 | 645989 | 4750436 | 2,858 | 54 | T. Kramer property | 340 | 53 | 17 |
| H41 | 643537 | 4762125 | 13,371 | 359 | Gencorp (Atlas) | 260 | 50 | 20 |
| H42 | 643427 | 4762075 | 13,322 | 359 | Gencorp (Atlas) | 40 | 13 | 5 |
| H43 | 643317 | 4762015 | 13,265 | 358 | Gencorp (Atlas) | 89 | 25 | 10 |
| H44 | 643217 | 4761945 | 13,198 | 358 | Gencorp (Atlas) | 83 | 43 | 11 |
| H45 | 643807 | 4762525 | 13,771 | 1 | Gencorp (Atlas) | 78 | 33 | 9 |
| H46 | 643617 | 4762525 | 13,770 | 360 | Gencorp (Atlas) | 75 | 31 | 13 |
| H47 | 643757 | 4761835 | 13,080 | 0 | Gencorp (Atlas) | 260 | 64 | 14 |
| H48 | 643757 | 4761655 | 12,900 | 0 | Gencorp (Atlas) | 59 | 38 | 14 |
Table 3: Concentrations of nickel, copper and cobalt in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999) (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | NIckel³ | Copper4 | Cobalt5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 185 | 21 | 6 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 115 | 36 | 8 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 110 | 20 | 5 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 43 | 11 | 5 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 91 | 26 | 8 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 103 | 26 | 9 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 20 | 42 | 5 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 430 | 69 | 14 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 145 | 31 | 12 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 83 | 19 | 7 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 70 | 21 | 10 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 92 | 25 | 7 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 350 | 63 | 16 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 1050 | 135 | 30 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 1250 | 170 | 33 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 120 | 19 | 5 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 320 | 63 | 11 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 370 | 55 | 17 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 550 | 81 | 21 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 180 | 42 | 13 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 490 | 70 | 18 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 285 | 48 | 14 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 430 | 57 | 14 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 265 | 44 | 10 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 535 | 66 | 17 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 195 | 32 | 16 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 43 | 27 | 7 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 290 | 49 | 11 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 145 | 58 | 8 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 180 | 39 | 10 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 525 | 89 | 17 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 305 | 50 | 14 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 105 | 27 | 9 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 71 | 28 | 8 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 91 | 42 | 10 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 65 | 18 | 8 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 185 | 40 | 13 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 255 | 64 | 12 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 130 | 30 | 18 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 165 | 33 | 15 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 340 | 48 | 11 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 160 | 42 | 8 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 215 | 41 | 16 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 330 | 52 | 14 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 170 | 42 | 13 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 81 | 29 | 14 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 225 | 49 | 11 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 95 | 32 | 15 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 72 | 27 | 8 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 60 | 32 | 12 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 75 | 20 | 14 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 102 | 18 | 6 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 93 | 41 | 12 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 71 | 25 | 18 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 78 | 22 | 12 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 85 | 24 | 14 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 60 | 25 | 18 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 40 | 18 | 12 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 43 | 15 | 13 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 515 | 83 | 19 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 735 | 105 | 24 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 71 | 29 | 8 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 108 | 31 | 9 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 390 | 67 | 16 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of background-based Table F for nickel (43 µg/g) are bolded,
exceedences of effects-based Table A (200 µg/g) are shaded
4 – Exceedences of background-based Table F for copper (85 µg/g) are bolded,
exceedences of effects-based Table A (300 µg/g) are shaded
5 – Exceedences of background-based Table F for cobalt (21 µg/g) are bolded,
exceedences of effects-based Table A (50 µµg/g) are shade
Table 4: Estimate of Areas that Exceed the MOE Table F and Table A Soil Criteria as determined by Surfer/ArcView (1999 vs. 1998 data)
| Port Colborne Region | Soil Nickel | Soil Copper | Soil Cobalt | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surveys | 1999 | 1998 | 1999 | 1998 | 1999 | 1998 |
| Area where 0-5 cm soil concentrations exceed Table F criterion. | 345 km² | >159 km² | 7.9 km² | 8.9 km² | 7.2 km² | 6.1 km² |
| Area in which 0-5 cm soil concentrations exceed Table A criterion. | 28.6 km² | 19 km² | 0.2 km² | 0.3 km² | 0.8 km² | 1.6 km² |
Appendix A1: Concentration of Aluminum (Al) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Aluminum³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 3550 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 14000 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 3450 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 7400 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 17000 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 16500 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 6850 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 16000 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 20500 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 16500 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 17000 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 15000 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 23000 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 13000 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 19500 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 12000 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 24500 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 21000 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 26000 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 18000 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 23000 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 16500 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 18500 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 17000 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 17000 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 19500 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 12500 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 26000 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 7400 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 18000 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 30000 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 16000 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 14500 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 18000 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 17000 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 19500 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 18500 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 14000 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 25000 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 20500 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 13000 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 11500 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 23000 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 19500 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 15000 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 19000 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 13000 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 26500 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 19000 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 17000 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 22500 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 21000 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 26000 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 22500 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 22000 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 21500 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 24500 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 20000 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 19000 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 16500 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 27500 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 14500 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 12000 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 19500 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Excedences of OTR98 for aluminum (30,000
ug/g) are shaded.
Appendix A2: Concentration of Arsenic (As) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Arsenic³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 4.0 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 5.4 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 1.8 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 2.2 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 4.3 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 7.5 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 3.3 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 8.4 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 8.1 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 4.1 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 5.4 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 4.3 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 9.3 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 9.2 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 9.8 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 2.8 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 5.8 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 7.5 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 8.1 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 7.2 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 8.9 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 7.2 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 8.5 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 7.2 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 8.7 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 8.3 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 5.1 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 5.6 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 5.7 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 6.2 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 9.3 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 6.7 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 4.6 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 4.7 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 7.0 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 4.5 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 6.8 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 6.6 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 8.8 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 9.1 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 6.5 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 6.0 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 9.7 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 7.5 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 7.8 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 6.6 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 6.9 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 6.1 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 4.9 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 9.6 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 11.0 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 6.6 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 7.6 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 9.7 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 9.8 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 9.6 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 8.6 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 6.7 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 8.0 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 8.4 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 14 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 5.8 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 5.5 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 7.8 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of background-based Table F for arsenic (17 µg/g) are bolded,
excedences of effects-based Table A (25 µg/g) are shaded.
Appendix A3: Concentration of Barium (Ba) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Barium³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 24.5 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 85 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 35.5 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 35.5 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 92.5 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 93 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 87.5 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 105 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 115 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 81 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 88.5 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 71 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 130 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 99 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 125 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 45.5 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 155 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 110 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 150 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 110 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 130 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 100 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 110 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 94 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 110 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 130 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 48.5 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 140 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 66 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 98.5 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 170 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 110 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 99 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 90 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 120 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 89 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 97.5 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 93.5 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 155 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 120 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 59.5 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 76 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 150 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 150 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 125 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 115 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 95 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 140 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 89.5 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 130 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 150 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 105 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 145 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 105 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 110 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 100 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 115 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 115 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 88.5 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 100.5 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 155 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 85.5 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 88.5 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 135 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of background-based Table F for barium (210 µg/g) are bolded,
exceedences of effects-based Table A (1000 µg/g) are shaded
Appendix A4: Concentration of Beryllium (Be) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Beryllium³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 0.5 < W |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 0.7 < T |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 0.5 < W |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 0.5 < W |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 0.8 < T |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 0.7 < T |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 0.5 < W |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 0.8 < T |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 1.0 < T |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 0.8 < T |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 0.7 < T |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 0.7 < T |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 1.1 < T |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 0.6 < T |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 1.0 < T |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 1.0 < T |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 1.1 < T |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 0.9 < T |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 1.2 < T |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 0.9 < T |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 1.1 <T |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 0.8 < T |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 0.8 < T |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 0.6 < T |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 0.6 < T |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 0.9 < T |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 1.1 < T |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 1.1 < T |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 0.5 <W |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 0.8 < T |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 1.3 < T |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 0.7 < T |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 0.7 < T |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 0.7 < T |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 0.8 < T |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 0.7 < T |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 0.9 < T |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 0.9 < T |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 1.2 < T |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 1.0 < T |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 0.7 < T |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 0.5 < W |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 1.1 < T |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 0.8 < T |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 0.9 < T |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 1.0 < T |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 0.7 < T |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 1.1 < T |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 0.8 < T |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 0.8 < T |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 0.9 < T |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 0.9 < T |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 1.6 < T |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 1.1 < T |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 0.9 < T |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 1.0 < T |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 1.2 < T |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 0.9 < T |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 0.9 < T |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 0.8 < T |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 1.2 < T |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 0.6 < T |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 0.9 < T |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 0.6 < T |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of background-based Table F for beryllium (1.2 µg/g) are
bolded, exceedences of effects-based Table A (1.2 µg/g) are shaded
Appendix A5: Concentration of Calcium (Ca) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Calcium³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 5550 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 31000 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 15000 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 10500 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 10450 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 9150 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 48000 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 26500 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 12000 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 9550 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 6650 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 12500 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 12500 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 34000 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 27500 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 5850 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 6350 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 12000 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 15500 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 15000 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 10250 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 5200 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 2950 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 9400 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 6800 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 4100 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 3850 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 12350 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 95500 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 21000 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 9350 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 15500 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 46500 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 5800 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 13000 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 4950 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 9400 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 36500 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 6300 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 5700 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 7050 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 33500 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 7050 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 9150 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 18500 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 19000 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 17000 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 12500 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 11950 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 21500 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 6500 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 2750 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 5300 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 4750 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 5200 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 4950 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 7650 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 6600 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 2900 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 25500 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 8800 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 15000 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 19000 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 34500 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of OTR98 for calcium (55,000 ug/g) are shaded
Appendix A6: Concentration of Cadmium (Cd) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Cadmium³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 0.4 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 0.7 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 0.4 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 0.3 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 0.5 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 0.5 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 0.5 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 0.7 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 0.8 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 0.4 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 0.5 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 0.6 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 0.6 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 0.4 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 0.6 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 0.5 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 1.3 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 0.7 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 0.6 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 0.7 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 0.7 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 0.4 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 0.3 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 0.3 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 0.4 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 0.8 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 0.5 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 0.7 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 0.4 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 0.4 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 1.3 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 0.4 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 0.6 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 0.3 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 0.5 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 0.4 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 0.9 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 0.6 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 0.4 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 0.4 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 0.6 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 0.4 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 0.5 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 0.6 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 0.5 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 0.6 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 0.8 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 0.7 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 0.5 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 0.6 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 0.9 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 0.7 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 1.3 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 0.6 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 0.7 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 0.5 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 0.7 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 0.5 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 0.5 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 0.4 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 1.0 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 0.6 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 0.7 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 0.4 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of background-based Table F for cadmium (1.0 µg/g) are bolded,
exceedences of effects-based Table A (12 µg/g) are shaded
Appendix A7: Concentration of Chromium (Cr) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999).(ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Chromium³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 13 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 21 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 11 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 12 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 23 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 24.5 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 13.5 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 24.5 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 32 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 21 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 22.5 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 20.5 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 34 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 23 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 29.5 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 17 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 30.5 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 31 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 39 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 29.5 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 39 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 24 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 26.5 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 24 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 26 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 30.5 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 18.5 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 36 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 18 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 24.5 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 39.5 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 23.5 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 23.5 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 27 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 26.5 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 25.5 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 25.5 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 24.5 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 42 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 32.5 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 21 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 20.5 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 33.5 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 29.5 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 25.5 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 31 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 25 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 43 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 28.5 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 35.5 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 36.5 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 24.5 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 36 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 40.5 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 37 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 36.5 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 40.5 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 34.5 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 29 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 46 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 36 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 22.5 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 22.5 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 35.5 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of background-based Table F for chromium (71 µg/g) are bolded,
exceedences of effects-based Table A (1000 µg/g) are shaded
Appendix A8: Concentration of Iron (Fe) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Iron³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 13000 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 15000 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 12000 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 10000 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 17000 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 18500 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 12500 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 18500 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 22500 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 17000 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 19000 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 16000 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 27500 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 17000 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 21000 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 9950 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 12000 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 23500 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 24500 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 20500 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 27000 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 22000 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 21500 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 18500 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 14000 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 26500 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 19000 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 17500 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 12500 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 19000 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 23000 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 20000 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 17000 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 20500 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 17500 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 21500 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 18500 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 18500 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 32000 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 27500 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 15000 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 15500 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 28500 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 18000 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 19500 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 22000 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 14000 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 26000 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 17500 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 24500 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 30000 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 9250 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 18000 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 35500 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 28500 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 28500 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 33500 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 25000 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 26500 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 20500 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 25000 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 18500 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 15500 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 23500 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of OTR98 for iron (35,000 ug/g) are shaded
Appendix A9: Concentration of Magnesium (Mg) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Magnesium³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 1150 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 12000 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 5750 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 5300 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 5450 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 5200 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 9500 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 12500 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 4950 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 5500 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 4850 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 6900 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 7700 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 16000 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 15500 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 2300 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 3350 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 7000 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 10250 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 7900 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 7650 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 5100 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 4000 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 5500 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 4600 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 4950 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 3750 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 5900 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 50500 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 12500 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 6800 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 8100 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 24000 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 4850 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 4350 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 4650 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 4450 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 20000 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 8100 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 6400 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 3350 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 17500 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 7450 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 4600 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 5400 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 8000 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 5250 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 7550 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 6450 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 10250 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 4400 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 2900 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 4800 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 6000 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 5300 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 5650 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 7000 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 7100 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 5300 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 13000 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 5800 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 9200 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 9100 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 16500 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of OTR98 for magnesium (20,000 ug/g) are shaded
Appendix A10: Concentration of Manganese (Mn) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Magnesium³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 410 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 350 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 180 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 160 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 310 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 385 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 520 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 370 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 625 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 255 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 420 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 280 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 630 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 460 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 320 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 145 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 155 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 415 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 405 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 350 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 440 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 625 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 450 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 335 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 270 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 725 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 420 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 220 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 415 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 295 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 200 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 520 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 425 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 285 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 265 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 275 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 365 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 450 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 690 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 595 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 590 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 370 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 670 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 325 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 365 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 430 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 290 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 375 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 275 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 715 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 1250 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 126 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 370 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 750 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 475 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 650 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 1900 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 635 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 675 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 445 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 405 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 575 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 270 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 460 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of OTR98 for manganese (2,200 ug/g) are shaded
Appendix 11: Concentration of Molybdenum (Mo) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Magnesium³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 0.5 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 0.5 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 0.5 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 0.5 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 0.5 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 0.5 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 0.5 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 0.6 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 0.5 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 0.5 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 0.5 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 0.5 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 0.9 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 0.6 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 1.4 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 0.5 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 0.8 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 0.8 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 1.3 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 0.8 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 1.2 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 0.5 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 0.5 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 0.5 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 0.5 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 0.9 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 0.5 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 0.9 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 1.2 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 0.7 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 0.7 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 0.6 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 0.5 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 0.9 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 0.7 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 0.6 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 0.5 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 0.8 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 1.2 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 0.9 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 0.5 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 0.5 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 0.7 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 0.8 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 0.7 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 03 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 1.1 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 0.8 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 0.5 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 1.2 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 1.1 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 1.1 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 1.1 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 1.1 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 7.2 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 1.2 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 1.1 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 1.1 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 0.8 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 1.2 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 0.9 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 0.5 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 0.5 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 1.0 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of background-based Table F for molybdenum (2.5 µg/g) are
bolded, exceedences of effects-based Table A (40 µg/g) are shaded
Appendix A12: Concentration of Lead (Pb) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Lead³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 28 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 45 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 27.5 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 16 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 31.5 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 35 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 31.5 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 76.5 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 29 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 41 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 35 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 39 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 43 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 63.5 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 37.5 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 19 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 37.5 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 38.5 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 47.5 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 54 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 44.5 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 29.5 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 30 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 30.5 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 39 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 33.5 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 26 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 40.5 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 97.5 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 29 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 57.5 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 40.5 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 44.5 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 21 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 115 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 22 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 45 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 103.5 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 25.5 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 33.5 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 32 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 44.5 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 34.5 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 51 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 27.5 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 21.5 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 42.5 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 26.5 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 35.5 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 85.5 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 50.5 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 46 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 54 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 39.5 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 41 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 36.5 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 45 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 25 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 37.5 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 59 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 46.5 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 46.5 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 82 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 60 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of background-based Table F for lead (120 µg/g) are bolded,
exceedences of effects-based Table A (200 µg/g) are shaded
Appendix A13: Concentration of Strontium (Sr) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Strontium³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 14 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 135 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 34 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 35 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 36 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 30 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 105 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 74 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 25 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 26 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 22 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 36 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 67 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 78 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 170 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 27 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 110 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 61 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 92 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 55 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 39 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 26 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 29 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 42 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 215 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 33 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 32 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 165 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 165 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 59 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 115 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 104 |
| 202 | lawn | 5017 | 335 | 195 |
| 203 | lawn | 4581 | 343 | 38 |
| 204 | residential | 6016 | 347 | 71 |
| 205 | right-of-way | 4997 | 351 | 37 |
| 206 | park | 5647 | 356 | 78 |
| 207 | boulevard | 3928 | 359 | 79 |
| 208 | right-of-way | 4268 | 17 | 42 |
| 209 | right-of-way | 4772 | 26 | 44 |
| 210 | field | 5246 | 34 | 30 |
| 211 | field | 5992 | 38 | 150 |
| 212 | field | 6305 | 46 | 140 |
| 213 | woodlot | 7521 | 56 | 130 |
| 214 | woodlot | 10337 | 57 | 135 |
| 215 | woodlot | 9033 | 52 | 71 |
| 216 | field | 8338 | 48 | 86 |
| 217 | residential | 6181 | 12 | 94 |
| 218 | residential | 7097 | 357 | 64 |
| 219 | field | 11806 | 10 | 57 |
| 220 | woodlot | 12819 | 24 | 34 |
| 221 | woodlot | 14596 | 36 | 25 |
| 222 | woodlot | 15348 | 44 | 45 |
| 223 | woodlot | 15743 | 52 | 30 |
| 224 | woodlot | 18854 | 52 | 32 |
| 225 | woodlot | 14433 | 63 | 33 |
| 226 | field | 16218 | 67 | 32 |
| 227 | woodlot | 13595 | 74 | 61 |
| 228 | lawn | 5221 | 69 | 41 |
| 229 | residential | 2580 | 56 | 78 |
| 230 | woodlot | 3896 | 72 | 140 |
| 231 | school yard | 5591 | 75 | 46 |
| 232 | woodlot | 3071 | 104 | 101 |
| 233 | right-of-way | 4244 | 342 | 105 |
1 – Distance (metres) from INCO stack
2 – Direction (degrees) from INCO stack
3 – Exceedences of OTR)98 for strontium (64 g/g) are shaded
Appendix A14: Concentration of Vanadium (V) in soil (0-5 cm depth) collected in the Port Colborne area (November, 1999). (ug/g)
| Station No. | Land Use | Distance¹ | Direction² | Vanadium³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 170 | right-of-way | 3621 | 260 | 28 |
| 171 | right-of-way | 3260 | 267 | 28.5 |
| 172 | vacant lot | 3091 | 249 | 25 |
| 173 | vacant lot | 2527 | 263 | 19.5 |
| 174 | residential | 2311 | 271 | 32 |
| 175 | residential | 1879 | 278 | 33.5 |
| 176 | park | 1374 | 274 | 17 |
| 177 | lawn | 818 | 269 | 33 |
| 178 | woodlot | 2946 | 280 | 40.5 |
| 179 | residential | 2637 | 283 | 30.5 |
| 180 | school yard | 1727 | 291 | 35.5 |
| 181 | boulevard | 1504 | 291 | 29.5 |
| 182 | lawn | 1331 | 344 | 45 |
| 183 | boulevard | 1295 | 23 | 32.5 |
| 184 | right-of-way | 1471 | 58 | 39.5 |
| 185 | woodlot | 3927 | 105 | 26 |
| 186 | woodlot | 5080 | 131 | 38.5 |
| 187 | residential | 1826 | 351 | 40.5 |
| 188 | woodlot | 1850 | 14 | 45.5 |
| 189 | residential | 2271 | 360 | 41 |
| 190 | boulevard | 2722 | 28 | 45.5 |
| 191 | residential | 3229 | 41 | 36.5 |
| 192 | field | 3801 | 50 | 34.5 |
| 193 | field | 4506 | 56 | 33 |
| 194 | woodlot | 5104 | 64 | 30 |
| 195 | woodlot | 5879 | 67 | 45.5 |
| 196 | woodlot | 11941 | 91 | 37.5 |
| 197 | boulevard | 3496 | 348 | 37.5 |
| 198 | right-of-way | 3341 | 357 | 23 |
| 199 | right-of-way | 3659 | 20 | 36.5 |
| 200 | woodlot | 4465 | 41 | 48.5 |
| 201 | lawn | 5060 | 48 | 36.5 |